According to the Sumerian King List, it was founded by King Enmerkar sometime around 4500 BCE. Uruk was one of the most important cities (at one time, the most important) in ancient Mesopotamia.As with other great urban complexes in the region, the city began as a small village which was most likely led by a priest or priest-king. Archaeological excavations have substantiated that, early on, Ur possessed great wealth and the citizens enjoyed a level of comfort unknown in other Mesopotamian cities. From the beginning, Ur was an important trade center owing to its location at a pivotal point where the Tigris and Euphrates run into the Persian Gulf.Near the center of the city of Ur, stood a lofty temple dedicated to the moon god, Nanna.
The city itself, surrounded by a massive defensive wall of mud brick and contained 30,000 people. Ur was situates near the Persian gulf and profited from maritime trade with civilizations to the east.Among the strongest of the Sumerian city states were Ur and Uruk.
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